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South Atlantic Water Science Center

The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study

ACF-NAWQA Publications

USGS Circulars

Frick, E.A., Hippe, D.J., Buell, G.R., Couch, C.A., Hopkins, E.H., Wangsness, D.J., and Garrett, J.W., 1998, Water Quality in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1164, p. 40, on line at URL:
Similar reports for other NAWQA study units, updated April 29, 1998. (ISBN 0-607-89340-0)

Water Resources-Investigations Report

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Couch, C.A., Hopkins, E.H., and Hardy, P.S., 1996, Influences of Environmental settings on aquatic ecosystems in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4278

Frick, E.A., Buell, G.R., and Hopkins, E.H., 1996, Nutrient sources and analysis of nutrient water-quality data, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1972-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4101

Hippe, D.J.,Wipperfurth, C.J., Hopkins, E.H., Frick, E.A., and Wangsness, D.J., 1997, Water-quality issues related to urban development of the upper Chattahoochee River watershed: Everyone lives downstream!: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 96-4302, 1p. (poster).

Open-File Reports

Hopkins, E.H., Hippe, D.J., Frick, E.A., and Buell, G.R., 2000, Organophosphorus pesticide occurrence and distribution in surface and ground water of the United States, 1992-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-187, CD-ROM. Summary available on-line, (January 27, 2000).

Peck, M. F., and Garrett, J. W., 1994, Quality of Surface and Ground Water in the White Creek and Mossy Creek Watersheds, White County, Georgia, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-540, 31 p.

Stell, S.M., Hopkins, E.H., Buell, G.R., and Hippe, D.J., 1995, Use and occurrence of pesticides in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1960-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-739, 65 p.

Wangsness, D.J., 1997, The National Water-Quality Assessment Program--Example of study unit design for the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-48, 29 p.

Wangsness, D.J., and Frick, E.A., 1991, National Water-Quality Assessment Program--The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-163, 2 p.

Conference Proceedings

Baer, K.B., 1995, Impact of stormwater management on aquatic ecosystem integrity: The Sope Creek Case Study: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 269-273.

Black, D.D., Hughes, W.B., and Gregory, M.B., 2003, Water-quality and ecological assessment of Rottenwood and Sope Creeks, Marietta, Georgia, 2002 (Adobe PDF format): in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, 4 p.

Buell, G.R., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Transport of trace elements and semi-volatile organic compounds in fluvial sediments of the lower Flint River (Georgia) and Apalachicola River (Georgia, Florida, Alabama) basins during Tropical Storm Alberto, July 1994: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 53-61.

Buell, G.R.and Couch, C.A., 1995, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Environmental distribution of organochlorine compounds in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, in Hatcher, K. J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 45-53.

Calhoun, D.L., Frick, E.A., and Buell, G.R., 2003, Effects of urban development on nutrient loads and streamflow, upper Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia, 1976-2001 (Adobe PDF format): in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, 5 p.

Couch, C.A., 1993, National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Environmental Setting of the Apalachicoa-Cahttahoochee-Flint River Basin: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1993 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens. Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 30-32.

Couch, C. A., 1994, Stream macroinvertebrate communities in watersheds with different land use characteristics in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basin, [abs.], in Sorenson, Stephen K., ed., 1994, Proceedings abstracts American Water Resources Association's symposium on the National Water-Quality Assessment Program--November 7-9, 1994, Chicago, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-397, p. 18.

Couch, C. A., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Environmental distribution of mercury related to land use and physicochemical setting in watersheds of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 45-52.

Couch, C. A. and Tate, C. M., 1995, Comparison of landscape influences on biological communities in western and eastern watersheds of the U.S. examples from the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, [abs.]: Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society, Spring 1995, Keystone Resort, Colorado, p. 89.

DeVivo, J.C., 1995, Impact of introduced red shiners Cyprinella lutrenis on stream fishes near Atlanta, Georgia: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 95-98.

DeVivo, J.C., Couch, C.A., and Freeman, B.J., 1997, Use of preliminary index of biotic integrity in urban streams around Atlanta, Georgia: in Hatcher, K.J. (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 119-122.

DeVivo, J.C., Frick, E.A., Hippe, D.J., and Buell, G.R.,1995, Effect of resticted phosphate detergent use and mandated upgrades at two wastewater-treatment facilities on water quality, metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, 1988-93, in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 54-56.

Frick, E.A., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Surface-water and shallow ground-water quality in the vicinity of Metropolitan Atlanta, Upper Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia, 1992-95: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 114-118.

Frick, E.A., and Buell, G.R., 1999, Relation of land use to nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and yields in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia, 1993-98 (PDF): in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1999 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 170-179.

Frick, E.A. and Crandall, C.A., 1995, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Water quality in surficial aquifers in two agricultural areas in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 42-45.

Frick, E.A., Stell, S.M., Buell, G.R., 1993, Natonial Water-Quality Assessment Program: A Preliminary evaluation of 1990 nutrient loads for the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1993 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 36-40.

Garrett, J.W., Perlman, H.A., Scholz, J.D., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: World wide web access to U.S. Geological Survey publications and data: Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1992-95: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 62-62.

Gregory, M.B., and Bryant, W.L., 2003, Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Piedmont Ecoregion of Georgia and Albama - A study design (PDF): in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, 5 p.

Hippe, D.J., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Pesticide occurrence in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands districts, Southwest Georgia and adjacent areas of Alabama and Florida: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 65-67.

Hippe, D.J. and Garrett, J.W., 1995, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Water-quality conditions and mass transport in the Flint River related to the flood of July 1994, caused by tropical storm Alberto, in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 323-328.

Hippe, D.J., and Garrett, J.W., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Spatial distribution of dissolved pesticides in surface water of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 410-419.

Hippe, D.J., Hatzell, H.H., Ham, L.K., and Hardy, P.S., 1995, National Water Quality Assessment Program, Pesticide occurrence and temporal distribution in streams draining urban and agricultural basins in Georgia and Florida, 1993-94, in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 34-41.

Hopkins, E.H., 2003, Using a geographic information system to rank urban intensity of small watersheds for the Chattahoochee, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Oconee River Basins in the Piedmont Ecoregion of Georgia and Alabama (Adobe PDF format): in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, 3 p.

Hopkins, E.H., and Hippe, D.J., 1999, Can land-use patterns serve as a predictor of pesticide occurrence within an urban landscape?: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1999 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 180-186.

Hughes, W.B., and Berndt, M.P., 2003, National Water-Quality Assessment in Georgia, 2001-2011 (PDF): in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, 5 p.

Peters, N.E., Buell, G.R., and Frick, E.A., 1997, National Water Quality Assessment Program: Spatial and temporal variability in nutrient concentrations in surface waters of the Chattahoochee River basin near Atlanta, Georgia: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 104-113.

Peters, N.E., Buell, G.R., and Frick, E.A., 1997, Spatial and temporal variability in nutrient concentrations in surface waters of the Chattahoochee River basin near Atlanta, Georgia: in B. Webb (ed.), Freshwater Contamination, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 243, IAHS Press, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK, p. 153-165.

Peters, N.E. and Kandell, S.J., 1997, Evaluation of streamwater quality in the Atlanta region: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Georgia Water Resources Conference: Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 95-99.

Stell, Susan M., 1993, National Water Quality Assessment Program: analysis of available information on pesticides for the Appalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1993 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 33-35.

Wangsness, D.J., 1992, Surface- and ground-water quality studies in the area of Lake Sidney Lanier, Georgia, in proceedings of the Workshop on Lake Lanier's Water Quality, Gainesville, Georgia, July 15, 1992: Athens, Ga., The University of Georgia, Institute of Natural Resources, v. ?, p. ??.

Wangsness, D.J., 1993, National Water-Quality Assessment Program: overview of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 1993 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 29.

Wangsness, D.J., 1997, Design and implementation of the National Water-Quailty Assessment Program--a United States example--Understanding the limitations of using compliance-monitoring data to assess the water quality of a large river basin, in Murphy, I.L., (ed.), Protecting Danube River Basin Resources, NATO International Exchange Programme Proceedings, Budapest, Hungary, May 27-30, 1996: The Netherlands, Kluwar Academic Publishers, p. 89-103.

Pamphlets:

Wangsness, D.J., Frick, E.A., Buell, G.R., and DeVivo, J.C., 1994, Effect of the Restricted use of phosphate detergent and upgraded wastewater-treatment facilities on water quality in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia: based on U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-99, 4 p.

Fact Sheets

Couch, C.A., DeVivo, J.C., and Freeman, B.J., 1995, What fish live in the streams of Metropolitan Atlanta?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-091-95, 4 p.

Garrett, J.W., Perlman, H.A., Scholz, J.D., 1997, World wide web access to publications and data for the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 97-78, 4 p.

Journal Articles

Callender, E., and Rice, K.C., 2000, The urban environmental gradient: Anthropogenic influences on the spatial and temporal distributions of lead and zinc in sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. #34, n. #2, p. #232-238.

Callender, E., and Van Metre, P.C., 1997, Reservoir sediment cores show U.S. lead declines: Environmental Science and Technology, v. #31, n. #9, p, #424A-428A.

Couch, C.A., 1997, Fish dynamics in urban streams near Atlanta, Georgia: Watershed Protection Techniques, v. #2, no. 4, p. #511-514.

Michener, W.K., Blood, E.R., Brim Box, J., Couch, C.A., Golladay, S.W., Hippe, D.J., Mitchell, R.J., and Palik, B.J., 1998, Tropical storm flooding of a coastal plain landscape: extensive floodplains ameliorated potential advers effects on water quality, fishes, and molluskan communities: BioScience v. 48, no. 9, p. 696-705.

Paul, M.J., Meyer, J.L., and Couch, C.A., 2006, Leaf breakdown in streams differing in catchment land use: Freshwater Biology, v. 51, p. 1684-1695.

Van Metre, P.C., Callender, E., and Fuller, C.C., 1997, Historical trends in organochlorine compounds in river basins identified using sediment cores from reservoirs: Environmental Science and Technology, v.31, n.8, p. 2339-2344.

Masters Theses

Baer, K.B., 1995, When it rains it drains--Stormwater management in Metropolitan Atlanta: M.S. Thesis, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 126 p.

DeVivo, J.C., 1995, Fish assemblages as indicators of water quality within the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River basin: M.S. Thesis, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 196 p.

Related Studies

Frick, E.A., Henderson, A.K., Moll, D.M., Furlong, E.T., and Meyer, M.T., 2001, Presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and drinking water, Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, July-September 1999: in Hatcher, K.J., (ed.), Proceedings of the 2001 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, p. 282.

Frick, E.A., and Zaugg, S.D., 2003, Organic wastewater contaminants in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, 1999-2002 (PDF): in Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Ga., Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, 7 p.

Henderson, A.K., Moll, D.M., Frick, E.A., Zaugg, S.D., 2001, Presence of wastewater tracers and endocrine disrupting chemicals in treated wastewater effluent and in municipal drinking water, Metropolitan Atlanta, 1999: in Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water, Minneapolis, Minn., National Ground Water Association, CD-ROM, p. 110.

Moll, D.M., Frick, E.A., Henderson, A.K., Furlong, E.T., Meyer,. M.T., 2001, Presence of pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater effluent and surface water supply systems, Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, July-September 1999: in Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water, Minneapolis, Minn., National Ground Water Association, CD-ROM, p. 82-83.